Linux下MySQL源码安装(附xtrabackup安装)
环境说明： Centos7.4 最小化安装
1、创建mysql用户和组
运行MySQL的mysqld需要一个用户和组
[root@mysql ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@mysql ~]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
2、创建数据目录
MySQL安装需要初始化数据目录用于存放MySQL数据库的数据 该目录可以个人自行设置 同时需要对设置该目录的用户和组
[root@mysql ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql_data
[root@mysql ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql_data/
3、解压源码包创建软链接
将源码包上传至服务器的/opt目录下并解压 在/usr/local/目录下创建相应的软链接
[root@mysql opt]# tar zxvf mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@mysql opt]# ln -s /opt/mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
4、配置环境变量
修改/etc/profile文件 添加mysql相关的环境变量
[root@mysql opt]# vi /etc/profile
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/mysql/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
[root@mysql opt]# source /etc/profile
5、配置数据库参数文件my.cnf
参数文件存放在/etc目录下 参数文件中的datadir具体看个人创建的数据目录 其他参数也可看需求进行更改
[root@mysql etc]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysqld]
########basic settings########
server-id = 11port = 3306
user = mysql
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
#skip_name_resolve
autocommit = 1
character_set_server=utf8mb4
datadir = /data/mysql_data
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1
tmpdir = /tmp
max_allowed_packet = 1073741824
event_scheduler = 1
sql_mode = "STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER"
# connection #
interactive_timeout = 1800
wait_timeout = 900
lock_wait_timeout = 1800
skip_name_resolve = 1
max_connections = 2500
max_connect_errors = 1000000
# table cache performance settings #
table_open_cache = 4096
table_definition_cache = 4096
table_open_cache_instances = 128
# session memory settings #
read_buffer_size = 16M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 32M
tmp_table_size = 64M
join_buffer_size = 128M
thread_cache_size = 64
lower_case_table_names = 1
########log settings########
log_error = error.log
slow_query_log = 0
slow_query_log_file = slow.log
log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1
log_slow_admin_statements = 1log_slow_slave_statements = 1
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 0
expire_logs_days = 7
long_query_time = 2
min_examined_row_limit = 100
binlog-rows-query-log-events = 1
log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1
log_slave_updates = 1
########innodb settings########
innodb_page_size = 16K
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4G
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 4
innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = 1innodb_lru_scan_depth = 2000
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 5
innodb_io_capacity = 1000
innodb_io_capacity_max = 1500
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_file_format = Barracuda
innodb_file_format_max = Barracuda#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /redolog/
#innodb_undo_directory = /undolog/
innodb_undo_logs = 128
innodb_undo_tablespaces = 3
innodb_flush_neighbors = 1innodb_log_file_size = 4G
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16777216
innodb_purge_threads = 4
innodb_large_prefix = 1
innodb_thread_concurrency = 64
innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1
innodb_strict_mode = 1
innodb_sort_buffer_size = 67108864
innodb_write_io_threads = 16
innodb_read_io_threads = 16
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_stats_persistent_sample_pages = 64
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode = 2
innodb_online_alter_log_max_size=1G
innodb_open_files=4096
#######replication settings########
master_info_repository = TABLE
relay_log_info_repository = TABLE
log_bin = bin.log
sync_binlog = 1
gtid_mode = on
enforce_gtid_consistency = 1
log_slave_updates
binlog_format = ROW
binlog_rows_query_log_events = 1
binlog_gtid_simple_recovery = 1
relay_log = relay.log
relay_log_recovery = 1
slave_pending_jobs_size_max=2147483648
slave_skip_errors = ddl_exist_errors
slave-rows-search-algorithms = 'INDEX_SCAN,HASH_SCAN'
plugin_dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin
########semi sync replication settings########
#plugin_load = "validate_password.so;rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so"
plugin_load = "rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so"
loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1
loose_rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1
loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 5000
# password plugin #
#validate_password_policy=STRONG
#validate-password=FORCE_PLUS_PERMANENT
# need change it
report-host=127.0.0.1
[mysqld-5.6]
# metalock performance settings
metadata_locks_hash_instances=64
[mysqld-5.7]
# new innodb settings #
loose_innodb_numa_interleave=1
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct = 40
innodb_page_cleaners = 8
innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1
innodb_max_undo_log_size = 2G
innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency = 128
# new replication settings #
slave-parallel-type = LOGICAL_CLOCK
slave-parallel-workers = 4
slave_preserve_commit_order=1
slave_transaction_retries=128
# other change settings #
binlog_gtid_simple_recovery=1
log_timestamps=system
show_compatibility_56=on
# performance_schema #
performance_schema_digests_size = 35000
max_digest_length = 4096
performance_schema_max_digest_length = 4096
performance_schema_max_table_instances=35000
6、初始化数据库
[root@mysql etc]# mysqld --initialize-insecure
7、配置MySQL启动项并设置为开机自启
在源码包的support-files目录下有一个mysql.server可以通过该文件启动MySQL服务 通常将MySQL配置为系统服务将其复制到/etc/init.d/下并重命名为mysqld 通过chkconfig将mysqld添加为开机自启服务
[root@mysql mysql_data]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@mysql mysql_data]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@mysql mysql_data]# chkconfig --list mysqld
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
8、启动MySQL服务并修改密码
[root@mysql mysql_data]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL..... SUCCESS!
[root@mysql mysql_data]# ps -ef | grep mysql
root 1358 1 0 04:12 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql_data --pid-file=/data/mysql_data/mysql.pid
mysql 2578 1358 35 04:12 pts/1 00:00:04 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=error.log --pid-file=/data/mysql_data/mysql.pid --port=3306
root 2645 1187 0 04:12 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@mysql mysql_data]# mysqladmin -u root password Gepoint
至此MySQL部分安装完成，可以通过mysql -uroot -p验证是否能够登陆。如果想通过外部进行访问该数据库还需要关闭防火墙，以及修改/etc/selinux/config，最后需要创建一个root用户提供外部连接。
[root@mysql ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
[root@mysql ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@mysql ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
mysql> create user 'root'@'%' identified by 'Gepoint';
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%';
mysql> flush privileges;
附：
xtrabackup是MySQL物理热备利器。 安装步骤如下：
1、安装依赖
[root@mysql opt]# yum install -y libev perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Digest-MD5 rsync
2、通过rpm包安装xtrabackup
xtrabackup的rpm包下载地址为https://www.percona.com/downloads/Percona-XtraBackup-2.4/LATEST/
[root@mysql opt]# rpm -ivh percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
